Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals.

Błażewicz, Anna; Grabrucker, Andreas M

dc.contributor.author	Błażewicz, Anna
dc.contributor.author	Grabrucker, Andreas M
dc.date.accessioned	2024-07-23T11:21:27Z
dc.date.available	2024-07-23T11:21:27Z
dc.date.issued	2022-12-24
dc.identifier.pmid	36613749
dc.identifier.doi	10.3390/ijms24010308
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10147/642506
dc.description	Since hundreds of years ago, metals have been recognized as impacting our body's physiology. As a result, they have been studied as a potential cure for many ailments as well as a cause of acute or chronic poisoning. However, the link between aberrant metal levels and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), is a relatively new finding, despite some evident ASD-related consequences of shortage or excess of specific metals. In this review, we will summarize past and current results explaining the pathomechanisms of toxic metals at the cellular and molecular levels that are still not fully understood. While toxic metals may interfere with dozens of physiological processes concurrently, we will focus on ASD-relevant activity such as inflammation/immune activation, mitochondrial malfunction, increased oxidative stress, impairment of axonal myelination, and synapse formation and function. In particular, we will highlight the competition with essential metals that may explain why both the presence of certain toxic metals and the absence of certain essential metals have emerged as risk factors for ASD. Although often investigated separately, through the agonistic and antagonistic effects of metals, a common metal imbalance may result in relation to ASD.	en_US
dc.language.iso	en	en_US
dc.rights	Attribution 4.0 International	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	*
dc.subject	ASD	en_US
dc.subject	cadmium	en_US
dc.subject	copper	en_US
dc.subject	inflammation	en_US
dc.subject	lead	en_US
dc.subject	lipid peroxidation	en_US
dc.subject	mercury	en_US
dc.subject	mitochondria	en_US
dc.subject	oxidative stress	en_US
dc.subject	zinc	en_US
dc.title	Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals.	en_US
dc.type	Article	en_US
dc.type	Other	en_US
dc.identifier.eissn	1422-0067
dc.identifier.journal	International journal of molecular sciences	en_US
dc.source.journaltitle	International journal of molecular sciences
dc.source.volume	24
dc.source.issue	1
refterms.dateFOA	2024-07-23T11:21:29Z
dc.source.country	Switzerland