Show simple item record

[Evidence summary:] What is the burden of disease from COVID-19 in 5-11-year-old children? [v1.0]

dc.contributor.authorNational Health Library & Knowledge Service (NHLKS)
dc.contributor.authorDuffy, Denise
dc.contributor.authorDelaunois, Isabelle
dc.contributor.authorLeen, Brendan
dc.contributor.authorWhite, Philippa
dc.contributor.authorConway, Aileen
dc.contributor.authorCrowe, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorCasey, Geraldine
dc.contributor.authorBrennan, Margaret
dc.contributor.authorHennigan, Oisin
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-20T15:19:27Z
dc.date.available2022-04-20T15:19:27Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-10
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10147/631764
dc.descriptionMain Points Epidemiology  The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar in children and adults.  The number of laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children reported is likely underestimated given the high proportion of mild and asymptomatic cases in which testing may not be performed. Severity of Illness  COVID-19 can cause severe illness in children and adolescents, and may require hospitalisation and ICU support.  Hospitalisation rates are similar to prepandemic influenza-associated hospitalisation rates. Severity is comparable among children hospitalised with influenza and COVID-19.  Hospitalisation rates increased across all age-groups with the Delta variant.  Risk factors for severe disease in children include comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. Transmission  Children of all ages can transmit SARSCoV-2 to others, but the relative transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 by children in various age groups is uncertain. Infected children shed SARSCoV-2 virus with nasopharyngeal viral loads comparable to or higher than those in adults  Older children and adolescents transmit SARS-CoV-2 effectively in household and community settings.  Limited evidence suggests that transmission by preadolescent children occurs but may be uncommon in educational or child care settings. Transmission by presymptomatic children and adolescents also may be uncommon in educational settings when effective case-contact testing and epidemic control strategies are implemented.  Data from the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance in Australia19 suggest that the rate of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in both schools and early childhood education services as well as in households was around 5 times higher than seen with the original strain of the COVID-19 virus. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)  Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a relatively rare complication of COVID-19 in children, occurring in <1% of children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.  PIMS-TS/MIS-C is characterized by fever, gastrointestinal and cardiocirculatory manifestations, and increased inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, Hoste et al22 report that 50.3% also present with respiratory symptoms, and that 56.3%present with shock. The majority of the patientsneed ICU support, including extracorporal membrane oxygenation.  Despite severe disease, mortality is low (1.9%).  A predominance of males and non-White ethnicity among the cases is present. 'Long' COVID-19  Miller et al32 estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms lasting ≥4 weeks as 1.0% in the 2-11-year-old age group.The median duration of symptoms for children aged≤17 years is 46 days (IQR 32-188).  Persistent symptom prevalence ishigher in girls, teenagers and children with longterm conditions.  Persistent symptoms include fatigue, muscle and joint pain, headache, insomnia, respiratory problems and palpitations.  Children with asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic COVID‐19 are among those who have developed chronic, persisting symptoms. Comorbidities  Number of comorbid conditions is associated with increased odds of admission to critical care and death from COVID-19.  Children with obesity and asthma in particular are at increased risk for critical care admission and/or need for respiratory support. Collateral Health Impacts  Pooled estimates obtained in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that 1 in 4 young people age ≤18 years globally are experiencing clinically elevated depression symptoms, while 1 in 5 young people age ≤18 years are experiencing clinically elevated anxiety symptoms. These pooled estimates have increased over time and are double pre-pandemic estimates.  Several studies have reported increased levels of pediatric obesity due to the pandemic.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherHealth Service Executiveen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesQuestion 225-226en_US
dc.subjectCoronavirusen_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19en_US
dc.subjectCHILDRENen_US
dc.title[Evidence summary:] What is the burden of disease from COVID-19 in 5-11-year-old children? [v1.0]en_US
dc.typeOtheren_US
refterms.dateFOA2022-04-20T15:19:27Z


Files in this item

Thumbnail
Name:
Q225-226 Evidence Summary COVID-19 ...
Size:
1.527Mb
Format:
PDF
Download

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record