Now showing items 1-20 of 482

    • Metagenomic assembled plasmids of the human microbiome vary across disease cohorts.

      Harrington, R S; Khokhlova, E V; Daly, K M; McDonnell, S A; O'Reagan, O; Nolan, J A; Sheehan, D; Lavelle, A; Draper, L A; Ross, R P; et al. (2022-06-02)
    • No Effect of Levothyroxine on Hemoglobin in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Pooled Results From 2 Randomized Controlled Trials.

      McCarthy, Vera J C; Byrne, Stephen; Baretella, Oliver; van Heemst, Diana; Dekkers, Olaf M; Jukema, J WOUTER; Smit, Johannes W A; Gussekloo, Jacobijn; den Elzen, Wendy P J; Du Puy, Robert; et al. (2022-02-26)
    • Developing Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications (CRDSs) for Oral Drug Products: Virtual Webinar Series.

      Cole, Susan; Kotzagiorgis, Evangelos; Limberg, Jobst; Moir, Andrea; Anand, Om; Turner, David B; Darwich, Adam; Dressman, Jennifer; Mackie, Claire; Mangas Sanjuan, Victor; et al. (2022-05-07)
    • Interlaboratory study on SbS interplay between structure, dielectric function, and amorphous-to-crystalline phase change for photonics.

      Rosales, Saul A; García-Fernández, Pablo; Dicorato, Stefano; Giangregorio, Maria M; Palumbo, Fabio; Ishchenko, Olga; Garry, Guy; Jonuzi, Tigers; Georghe, Marin; Cobianu, Cornel; et al. (2022-05-10)
      Antimony sulfide, Sb2S3, is interesting as the phase-change material for applications requiring high transmission from the visible to telecom wavelengths, with its band gap tunable from 2.2 to 1.6 eV, depending on the amorphous and crystalline phase. Here we present results from an interlaboratory study on the interplay between the structural change and resulting optical contrast during the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation triggered both thermally and optically. By statistical analysis of Raman and ellipsometric spectroscopic data, we have identified two regimes of crystallization, namely 250°C ≤ T < 300°C, resulting in Type-I spherulitic crystallization yielding an optical contrast Δn ∼ 0.4, and 300 ≤ T < 350°C, yielding Type-II crystallization bended spherulitic structure with different dielectric function and optical contrast Δn ∼ 0.2 below 1.5 eV. Based on our findings, applications of on-chip reconfigurable nanophotonic phase modulators and of a reconfigurable high-refractive-index core/phase-change shell nanoantenna are designed and proposed.
    • Tolerating bad health research: the continuing scandal.

      Pirosca, Stefania; Treweek, Shaun; Shiely, Frances; Clarke, Mike (2022-06-02)
    • miRNA signatures associated with vulnerability to food addiction in mice and humans.

      Fernández-Castillo, Noèlia; Pineda-Cirera, Laura; Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi; Burokas, Aurelijus; Espinosa-Carrasco, Jose; Arboleya, Silvia; Latorre, Jessica; Cormand, Bru; Fernández-Real, Jose-Manuel; Martín-García, Elena; et al. (2022-05-16)
    • The experiences of men following recurrent miscarriage in an Irish tertiary hospital: A qualitative analysis.

      Trench, Maria; Harty, Tommy; Keegan, Orla; O'Donoghue, Keelin; Nuzum, Daniel (2022-03-03)
    • The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration.

      Knox, Emily; aburto, MARIA; CLARKE, GERARD; Cryan, John; O'Driscoll, Caitriona (2022-03-31)
    • Primary healthcare professionals' perspectives on patient help-seeking for lung cancer warning signs and symptoms: a qualitative study.

      Hegarty, Josephine; Saab, Mohamad; O’Driscoll, Michelle; FitzGerald, Serena; Sahm, Laura; Leahy-Warren, Patricia; Noonan, Brendan; Kilty, Caroline; Lyons , Noreen; Burns, Heather; et al. (2022-05-18)
    • Protocol for the Birth Asphyxia in African Newborns (Baby BRAiN) Study: a Neonatal Encephalopathy Feasibility Cohort Study.

      Webb, Emily L; Mugalu, J; Robertson, Nicola J; Nabawanuka, A; Gilbert, Guillaume; Bwambale, J; Bainbridge, Alan; Lubowa, Samson; Srinivasan, Latha; Ssebombo, H; et al. (2022-03-03)
      BACKGROUND: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of child mortality worldwide and contributes substantially to stillbirths and long-term disability. Ninety-nine percent of deaths from NE occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Whilst therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes in high-income countries, its safety and effectiveness in diverse LMIC contexts remains debated. Important differences in the aetiology, nature and timing of neonatal brain injury likely influence the effectiveness of postnatal interventions, including therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS: This is a prospective pilot feasibility cohort study of neonates with NE conducted at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Neurological investigations include continuous video electroencephalography (EEG) (days 1-4), serial cranial ultrasound imaging, and neonatal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (MRI/ MRS) (day 10-14). Neurodevelopmental follow-up will be continued to 18-24 months of age including Prechtl's Assessment of General Movements, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and a formal scored neurological examination. The primary outcome will be death and moderate-severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18-24 months. Findings will be used to inform explorative science and larger trials, aiming to develop urgently needed neuroprotective and neurorestorative interventions for NE applicable for use in diverse settings. DISCUSSION: The primary aims of the study are to assess the feasibility of establishing a facility-based cohort of children with NE in Uganda, to enhance our understanding of NE in a low-resource sub-Saharan African setting and provide infrastructure to conduct high-quality research on neuroprotective/ neurorestorative strategies to reduce death and disability from NE. Specific objectives are to establish a NE cohort, in order to 1) investigate the clinical course, aetiology, nature and timing of perinatal brain injury; 2) describe electrographic activity and quantify seizure burden and the relationship with adverse outcomes, and; 3) develop capacity for neonatal brain MRI/S and examine associations with early neurodevelopmental outcomes.
    • Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19.

      Sokolowska, Milena; Rovati, G.Enrico; Diamant, Zuzana; Untersmayr, Eva; Schwarze, Jürgen; Łukasik, Zuzanna; Sava, Florentina; Palomares, Oscar; Angelina, Alba; Sanak, Marek; et al. (2022-02-25)
    • Metabolic rewiring and serotonin depletion in patients with postacute sequelae of COVID-19.

      Sadlier, Corinna; Albrich, Werner; Neogi, Ujjwal; Lunjani, Nonhlanhla; Horgan, Mary; O'Toole, Paul; O'Mahony, Liam (2022-02-17)
    • A high-risk gut microbiota configuration associates with fatal hyperinflammatory immune and metabolic responses to SARS-CoV-2.

      Mikaeloff, Flora; Forlenza, Rossella; Ghosh, Tarini; Albrich, Werner; Ahearn-Ford, Sinead; Lunjani, Nonhlanhla; Forde, Brian; suh, noemie; kleger, gian-reto; Pietsch, Urs; et al. (2022-04-18)
      Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and associated clinical sequelae requires well-coordinated metabolic and immune responses that limit viral spread and promote recovery of damaged systems. However, the role of the gut microbiota in regulating these responses has not been thoroughly investigated. In order to identify mechanisms underpinning microbiota interactions with host immune and metabolic systems that influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, we performed a multi-omics analysis on hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compared those with the most severe outcome (i.e. death, n = 41) to those with severe non-fatal disease (n = 89), or mild/moderate disease (n = 42), that recovered. A distinct subset of 8 cytokines (e.g. TSLP) and 140 metabolites (e.g. quinolinate) in sera identified those with a fatal outcome to infection. In addition, elevated levels of multiple pathobionts and lower levels of protective or anti-inflammatory microbes were observed in the fecal microbiome of those with the poorest clinical outcomes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules that associated severity-associated cytokines with tryptophan metabolism, coagulation-linked fibrinopeptides, and bile acids with multiple pathobionts, such as Enterococcus. In contrast, less severe clinical outcomes are associated with clusters of anti-inflammatory microbes such as Bifidobacterium or Ruminococcus, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and IL-17A. Our study uncovered distinct mechanistic modules that link host and microbiome processes with fatal outcomes to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These features may be useful to identify at risk individuals, but also highlight a role for the microbiome in modifying hyperinflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents.
    • Adolescent Obesity Prevention in Saudi Arabia: Co-identifying Actionable Priorities for Interventions.

      Almughamisi, Manal; O'Keeffe, Majella; Harding, Seeromanie (2022-05-10)
      The study was conducted in two intermediate schools for girls (13-15 years old) in Jeddah that were purposefully identified with the support of the MoE. Group concept mapping, a mixed method approach, was conducted with 19 adults which included staff from the MoE and schools, school canteen suppliers and mothers. Adults generated statements in response to two prompts (P); P1 "The factors influencing adolescent obesity in Saudi are..." and P2 "The content of school-based programmes should focus on...." Photovoice-enhanced concept mapping was used with students (n = 15 students) to capture adolescent perspectives on what influences their dietary and physical activity habits. Students generated statements' using their own photographs. Stakeholders, both adult and students, sorted the statements into themes and rated each statement for relative importance and feasibility. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to produce concept maps with the input from students and adults.
    • Present Impact of AlphaFold2 Revolution on Structural Biology, and an Illustration With the Structure Prediction of the Bacteriophage J-1 Host Adhesion Device.

      Goulet, Adeline; CAMBILLAU, Christian (2022-05-09)
      In 2021, the release of AlphaFold2 - the DeepMind's machine-learning protein structure prediction program - revolutionized structural biology. Results of the CASP14 contest were an immense surprise as AlphaFold2 successfully predicted 3D structures of nearly all submitted protein sequences. The AlphaFold2 craze has rapidly spread the life science community since structural biologists as well as untrained biologists have now the possibility to obtain high-confidence protein structures. This revolution is opening new avenues to address challenging biological questions. Moreover, AlphaFold2 is imposing itself as an essential step of any structural biology project, and requires us to revisit our structural biology workflows. On one hand, AlphaFold2 synergizes with experimental methods including X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. On the other hand, it is, to date, the only method enabling structural analyses of large and flexible assemblies resistant to experimental approaches. We illustrate this valuable application of AlphaFold2 with the structure prediction of the whole host adhesion device from the Lactobacillus casei bacteriophage J-1. With the ongoing improvement of AlphaFold2 algorithms and notebooks, there is no doubt that AlphaFold2-driven biological stories will increasingly be reported, which questions the future directions of experimental structural biology.
    • Maternity care during COVID-19: a qualitative evidence synthesis of women's and maternity care providers' views and experiences.

      Flaherty, Sarah Jane; Delaney, Hannah; Matvienko-Sikar, Karen; Smith, Valerie (2022-05-26)