Influenza and associated co-infections in critically ill immunosuppressed patients.
Authors
Martin-Loeches, IgnacioLemiale, Virginie
Geoghegan, Pierce
McMahon, Mary AISLING
Pickkers, Peter
Soares, Marcio
Perner, Anders
Meyhoff, Tine Sylvest
Bukan, Ramin Brandt
Rello, Jordi
Bauer, Philippe R
van de Louw, Andry
Taccone, Fabio Silvio
Salluh, Jorge
Hemelaar, Pleun
Schellongowski, Peter
Rusinova, Katerina
Terzi, Nicolas
Mehta, Sangeeta
Antonelli, Massimo
Kouatchet, Achille
Klepstad, Pål
Valkonen, Miia
Landburg, Precious Pearl
Barratt-Due, Andreas
Bruneel, Fabrice
Pène, Frédéric
Metaxa, Victoria
Moreau, Anne Sophie
Souppart, Virginie
Burghi, Gaston
Girault, Christophe
Silva, Ulysses V A
Montini, Luca
Barbier, Francois
Nielsen, Lene B
Gaborit, Benjamin
Mokart, Djamel
Chevret, Sylvie
Azoulay, Elie
Issue Date
2019-05-02Keywords
Critical illnessImmunosuppression
INFLUENZA
Respiratory failure
Sepsis
Metadata
Show full item recordJournal
Critical care (London, England)DOI
10.1186/s13054-019-2425-6PubMed ID
31046842Abstract
Background It is unclear whether influenza infection and associated co-infection are associated with patient-important outcomes in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. Methods Preplanned secondary analysis of EFRAIM, a prospective cohort study of 68 hospitals in 16 countries. We included 1611 patients aged 18 years or older with non-AIDS-related immunocompromise, who were admitted to the ICU with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The main exposure of interest was influenza infection status. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes ICU length of stay (LOS) and 90-day mortality. Results Influenza infection status was categorized into four groups: patients with influenza alone (n = 95, 5.8%), patients with influenza plus pulmonary co-infection (n = 58, 3.6%), patients with non-influenza pulmonary infection (n = 820, 50.9%), and patients without pulmonary infection (n = 638, 39.6%). Influenza infection status was associated with a requirement for intubation and with LOS in ICU (P < 0.001). Patients with influenza plus co-infection had the highest rates of intubation and longest ICU LOS. On crude analysis, influenza infection status was associated with ICU mortality (P < 0.001) but not hospital mortality (P = 0.09). Patients with influenza plus co-infection and patients with non-influenza infection alone had similar ICU mortality (41% and 37% respectively) that was higher than patients with influenza alone or those without infection (33% and 26% respectively). A propensity score-matched analysis did not show a difference in hospital mortality attributable to influenza infection (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 0.90–1.13, P = 0.85). Age, severity scores, ARDS, and performance status were all associated with ICU, hospital, and 90-day mortality. Conclusions Category of infectious etiology of respiratory failure (influenza, non-influenza, influenza plus co-infection, and non-infectious) was associated with ICU but not hospital mortality. In a propensity score-matched analysis, influenza infection was not associated with the primary outcome of hospital mortality. Overall, influenza infection alone may not be an independent risk factor for hospital mortality in immunosuppressed patients.Item Type
ArticleLanguage
enEISSN
1466-609Xae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1186/s13054-019-2425-6