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    Prospective cohort study of the relationship between neuro-cognition, social cognition and violence in forensic patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

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    Authors
    O’Reilly, Ken
    Donohoe, Gary
    Coyle, Ciaran
    O’Sullivan, Danny
    Rowe, Arann
    Losty, Mairead
    McDonagh, Tracey
    McGuinness, Lasairiona
    Ennis, Yvette
    Watts, Elizabeth
    Brennan, Louise
    Owens, Elizabeth
    Davoren, Mary
    Mullaney, Ronan
    Abidin, Zareena
    Kennedy, Harry G
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    Issue Date
    2015-07-10
    Keywords
    SCHIZOPHRENIA
    FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH
    
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    Citation
    BMC Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 10;15(1):155
    URI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0548-0
    http://hdl.handle.net/10147/620848
    Abstract
    Abstract Background There is a broad literature suggesting that cognitive difficulties are associated with violence across a variety of groups. Although neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are core features of schizophrenia, evidence of a relationship between cognitive impairments and violence within this patient population has been mixed. Methods We prospectively examined whether neurocognition and social cognition predicted inpatient violence amongst patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (n = 89; 10 violent) over a 12 month period. Neurocognition and social cognition were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Results Using multivariate analysis neurocognition and social cognition variables could account for 34 % of the variance in violent incidents after controlling for age and gender. Scores on a social cognitive reasoning task (MSCEIT) were significantly lower for the violent compared to nonviolent group and produced the largest effect size. Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between neurocognition and violence was completely mediated by each of the following variables independently: social cognition (MSCEIT), symptoms (PANSS Total Score), social functioning (SOFAS) and violence proneness (HCR-20 Total Score). There was no evidence of a serial pathway between neurocognition and multiple mediators and violence, and only social cognition and violence proneness operated in parallel as significant mediators accounting for 46 % of the variance in violent incidents. There was also no evidence that neurocogniton mediated the relationship between any of these variables and violence. Conclusions Of all the predictors examined, neurocognition was the only variable whose effects on violence consistently showed evidence of mediation. Neurocognition operates as a distal risk factor mediated through more proximal factors. Social cognition in contrast has a direct effect on violence independent of neurocognition, violence proneness and symptom severity. The neurocognitive impairment experienced by patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders may create the foundation for the emergence of a range of risk factors for violence including deficits in social reasoning, symptoms, social functioning, and HCR-20 risk items, which in turn are causally related to violence.
    Item Type
    Article
    Language
    en
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