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    HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics

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    Authors
    Abecasis, Ana B
    Wensing, Annemarie MJ
    Paraskevis, Dimitris
    Vercauteren, Jurgen
    Theys, Kristof
    Van de Vijver, David AMC
    Albert, Jan
    Asjö, Birgitta
    Balotta, Claudia
    Beshkov, Danail
    Camacho, Ricardo J
    Clotet, Bonaventura
    De Gascun, Cillian
    Griskevicius, Algis
    Grossman, Zehava
    Hamouda, Osamah
    Horban, Andrzej
    Kolupajeva, Tatjana
    Korn, Klaus
    Kostrikis, Leon G
    Kücherer, Claudia
    Liitsola, Kirsi
    Linka, Marek
    Nielsen, Claus
    Otelea, Dan
    Paredes, Roger
    Poljak, Mario
    Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth
    Schmit, Jean-Claude
    Sönnerborg, Anders
    Stanekova, Danika
    Stanojevic, Maja
    Struck, Daniel
    Boucher, Charles AB
    Vandamme, Anne-Mieke
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    Issue Date
    2013-01-14
    
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    Citation
    Retrovirology. 2013 Jan 14;10(1):7
    URI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-7
    http://hdl.handle.net/10147/269137
    Abstract
    Abstract Background Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes. Results We investigated the subtype distribution of HIV-1 in Europe and Israel in a representative sample of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and related it to the demographic data available. 2793 PRO-RT sequences were subtyped either with the REGA Subtyping tool or by a manual procedure that included phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis. The most prevalent subtypes/CRFs in our dataset were subtype B (66.1%), followed by sub-subtype A1 (6.9%), subtype C (6.8%) and CRF02_AG (4.7%). Substantial differences in the proportion of new diagnoses with distinct subtypes were found between European countries: the lowest proportion of subtype B was found in Israel (27.9%) and Portugal (39.2%), while the highest was observed in Poland (96.2%) and Slovenia (93.6%). Other subtypes were significantly more diagnosed in immigrant populations. Subtype B was significantly more diagnosed in men than in women and in MSM > IDUs > heterosexuals. Furthermore, the subtype distribution according to continent of origin of the patients suggests they acquired their infection there or in Europe from compatriots. Conclusions The association of subtype with demographic parameters suggests highly compartmentalized epidemics, determined by social and behavioural characteristics of the patients.
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