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        Cell Survival and DNA Damage in Normal Prostate Cells Irradiated Out-of-Field.

        Shields, L; a  Medical Physics Department, St. Luke's Hospital, Highfield Road, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland; (2014-10-31)
        Interest in out-of-field radiation dose has been increasing with the introduction of new techniques, such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). These new techniques offer superior conformity of high-dose regions to the target compared to conventional techniques, however more normal tissue is exposed to low-dose radiation with VMAT. There is a potential increase in radiobiological effectiveness associated with lower energy photons delivered during VMAT as normal cells are exposed to a temporal change in incident photon energy spectrum. During VMAT deliveries, normal cells can be exposed to the primary radiation beam, as well as to transmission and scatter radiation. The impact of low-dose radiation, radiation-induced bystander effect and change in energy spectrum on normal cells are not well understood. The current study examined cell survival and DNA damage in normal prostate cells after exposure to out-of-field radiation both with and without the transfer of bystander factors. The effect of a change in energy spectrum out-of-field compared to in-field was also investigated. Prostate cancer (LNCaP) and normal prostate (PNT1A) cells were placed in-field and out-of-field, respectively, with the PNT1A cells being located 1 cm from the field edge when in-field cells were being irradiated with 2 Gy. Clonogenic and γ-H2AX assays were performed postirradiation to examine cell survival and DNA damage. The assays were repeated when bystander factors from the LNCaP cells were transferred to the PNT1A cells and also when the PNT1A cells were irradiated in-field to a different energy spectrum. An average out-of-field dose of 10.8 ± 4.2 cGy produced a significant reduction in colony volume and increase in the number of γ-H2AX foci/cell in the PNT1A cells compared to the sham-irradiated control cells. An adaptive response was observed in the PNT1A cells having first received a low out-of-field dose and then the bystander factors. The PNT1A cells showed a significant increase in γ-H2AX foci formation when 20 cGy irradiated in-field with a different energy spectrum compared to out-of-field. However, no significant difference in cell survival or colony volume was observed whether the PNT1A cells were irradiated in-field or out-of-field. Out-of-field radiation dose alone can have a damaging effect on the proliferation of PNT1A cells when a clinically relevant dose of 2 Gy is delivered in in-field. Out-of-field radiation with the transfer of bystander factors induces an adaptive response in the PNT1A cells.
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        Concurrent once-daily versus twice-daily radiotherapy: A 2-arm randomised controlled trial of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy comparing twice-daily and once-daily radiotherapy schedules in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and good performance status

        Thirion, Dr Pierre (2012-10-10)
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        A descriptive investigation of nurse's attitudes towards care of terminally ill patients in an oncology setting

        Drury, Amanda (2012-10-10)
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        Empowering cancer patients satisfaction of patients undergoing radiation therapy with the information about their treatment and associated lifestyle and practical isssues

        Cunningham, Dr Moya (2012-10-10)
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        The frequencies and clinical implications of mutations in 33 kinase-related genes in locally advanced rectal cancer: a pilot study.

        Abdul-Jalil, Khairun I; Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. (2014-08)
        Mutations in kinase signaling pathways modulate treatment responsiveness and clinical outcomes in LARC and may constitute rational targets for novel therapies.
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        The implementation and evaluation of a patient education programme (PEP) for women and men with progressive or recurrent breast or prostate cancer and their family carers

        McVey, Dr Gerard (2012-10-10)
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        An investigation of the dosimetric impact of population-based errors in pelvic radiotherapy

        Gillham, Dr Charles (2012-10-10)
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        Nurse's knowledge attitudes and beliefs towards the impact of pelvic radiotherapy on female sexual health

        Gildea, Claire (2012-10-10)
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        An observational research study to evaluate the impact of breakthrough cancer pain on the daily lives and functional status of Irish patients

        O' Reilly Maeve (2012-10-10)
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        The prognostic value of tumour regression grade following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer.

        Abdul-Jalil, K I; Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda and Royal, College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. (2014-01)
        Our findings support the notion that ypCR status, nodal status after neoadjuvant CRT and CRM status, but not TRG, are predictors of long-term survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
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        Psychological coping with cancer in an Irish population

        O' Reilly, Dr Maeve; Gogan, David; Coleman, Dr Niamh (2012-10-10)
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        A randomised multicentre accelerated radiotherapy study of dose escalated intensity modulated radiotherapy versus standard dose intensity modulated radiotherapy in patients receiving treatment for locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharngeal cancers

        Brennan, Dr Sinead (2012-10-10)
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        A randomised phase III study of radiation doses and fractionation schedules in non-low risk ductal carcinoma insitu (DCIS) of the breast

        McArdle, Dr Orla (2012-10-10)
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        A randomised phase III study of short course (1 week) radiation therapy versus standard course (3 week) radiation therapy in elderly and/or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme

        Fitzpatrick, Dr David (2012-10-10)
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        A study of compassion fatigue prevalence in nurses working in oncology care in Ireland

        Conlon, Claire (2012-10-10)
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