Now showing items 21-40 of 68

    • Initial arch wires for alignment of crooked teeth with fixed orthodontic braces.

      Wang, Yan; Jian, Fan; Lai, Wenli; Zhao, Zhihe; Yang, Zhi; Liao, Zhengyu; Shi, Zongdao; Wu, Taixiang; Millett, Declan T; McIntyre, Grant T; et al. (2010)
      The initial arch wire is the first arch wire to be inserted into the fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and is used mainly for correcting crowding and rotations of teeth. With a number of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understand which wire is most efficient, as well as which wires cause the least amount of root resorption and pain during the initial aligning stage of treatment.
    • Oral medicine and the elderly.

      McCreary, Christine; Ní Ríordáin, Richeal; Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. (2011-03-15)
      A focus often exists in dental practice on the maintenance and management of the dentition and the periodontium, however, conditions of the oral mucosa and orofacial pain can cause significant problems for older patients. Oral mucosal conditions are more prevalent in older patients and many orofacial pain disorders, such as burning mouth syndrome and trigeminal neuralgia, are more common in patients over the age of 50 years. Although these conditions may not be routinely managed in general practice, identification of these patients in primary care and appropriate referral will lead to more prompt and effective treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dental practitioners need to be able to identify what is considered to be within the normal physiological limits of the ageing oral tissue and hence what is abnormal and requires further investigation to facilitate appropriate referral.
    • Systemic diseases and the elderly.

      McCreary, Christine; Ni Riordáin, Richeal; Oral Medicine Unit, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. (2010-11)
      Although systemic diseases can occur at any age, they are more common in older patients. Accurate and detailed medical and drug histories are important in dental practice as many conditions and medications can influence oral health and dental care in patients. Not only can these conditions influence patient care in the surgery and oral hygiene at home, but access to dental services may also be adversely affected. Clinical Relevance: The systemic diseases can impact upon oral care or can have oral manifestations. Many of the pharmacological interventions prescribed for chronic conditions can have multiple and diverse adverse effects on the oral environment.
    • State-of-the-art techniques in operative dentistry: contemporary teaching of posterior composites in UK and Irish dental schools.

      Lynch, C D; Frazier, K B; McConnell, R J; Blum, I R; Wilson, N H F; Restorative Dentistry, Tissue Engineering & Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY. lynchcd@cardiff.ac.uk (2010-08-14)
      Advances of composite systems and their application have revolutionised the management of posterior teeth affected by caries, facilitating a minimally invasive approach. Previous surveys have indicated that the teaching of posterior composites within dental schools was developing, albeit not keeping pace with clinical evidence and the development of increasingly predictable techniques and materials. Concurrently, surveys of dental practice indicate that dental amalgam still predominates as the 'material of choice' for the restoration of posterior teeth within UK general dental practice. In light of such considerations, the aim of this study was to investigate current teaching of posterior composites in Irish and UK dental schools.
    • Factors influencing the provision of removable partial dentures by dentists in Ireland.

      Allen, Finbarr; Cork Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork. f.allen@ucc.ie (2011-03-15)
      Factors influencing clinical treatment of partially dentate patients are varied, and there is a need to identify factors influencing success in the provision of removable partial dentures. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Ireland towards tooth replacement and use of RPDs, in partially dentate older adults. The sample frame was the Register of Dentists in Ireland; data were also collected from a sample of dentists practising under NHS regulations in Northern Ireland. Validated questionnaires were sent to all dentists on the Register of Dentists in the Republic of Ireland, and dentists working under NHS regulations registered with the Central Services Agency in Northern Ireland. Content of the questionnaire included details of the dentist themselves, their dental practice and the profile of partial denture provision. They were also asked to give their views on factors influencing the success or failure of an RPD, the process of providing RPDs and their attitudes to RPD provision. A total of 1,143 responses were received, a response rate of 45%. A mean number of 61 RPDs per annum were provided, with 75% of dentures provided being acrylic based. Respondents indicate their belief that cobalt-chromium based dentures had a longer prognosis than acrylic dentures, but less than half (46%) claim to design the frameworks themselves. Patients' attitudes are considered influential in the success of RPD provision, and their influence on appearance is considered the most important factor influencing success. The most important factors influencing failure are: the patient not requesting a denture; an RPD restoring unbounded saddles; and, lower RPDs. Although considered important, approximately 60% of the sample do not routinely organise follow-up appointments for patients provided with RPDs. The fee structures in the DTSS and DTBS are considered a barrier to quality in the provision of partial dentures.
    • Tooth size discrepancies in Irish orthodontic patients among different malocclusion groups.

      O'Mahony, Gerard; Millett, Declan T; Barry, Mark K; McIntyre, Grant T; Cronin, Michael S; Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Ireland. (2011-01)
      To determine the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies (TSDs) in an Irish orthodontic population among different malocclusion groups.
    • The McKesson prop--an essential tool for the emergency physician?

      Murphy, A P; Doran, H J; O'Sullivan, I; Sleeman, D; Cusack, S P A; Department of Emergency Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland. adrianmurphy06@eircom.net (2010-02)
      Facial trauma is a commonly encountered presentation to emergency departments. When associated airway compromise occurs, co-existing head and neck injuries serve to produce a challenging clinical situation. We describe two patients who suffered multi-system trauma, with severe maxillofacial injuries that necessitated prompt definitive airway management and mid-face stabilisation in the pre-hospital and emergency department phases of resuscitation. The McKesson prop is a simple yet highly effective tool for use in these injuries.
    • Catecholamine-o-methyltransferase polymorphisms are associated with postoperative pain intensity.

      Lee, Peter J; Delaney, Patrick; Keogh, John; Sleeman, Duncan; Shorten, George D; Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland. peterjohnlee@hotmail.com (2011-02)
      single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT), μ-opioid receptor and GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1) have been linked to acute and chronic pain states. COMT polymorphisms are associated with experimental pain sensitivity and a chronic pain state. No such association has been identified perioperatively. We carried out a prospective observational clinical trial to examine associations between these parameters and the development of postoperative pain in patients undergoing third molar (M3) extraction.
    • The caries-preventive effect of chlorhexidine varnish in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

      James, Patrice; Parnell, C; Whelton, H; Oral Health Services Research Centre, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. p.james@ucc.ie (2010)
      Our purpose was to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of chlorhexidine varnish for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents and to determine its effectiveness compared to fluoride varnish.
    • Case study: limitations of panoramic radiography in the anterior mandible.

      Walker, Cameron; Thomson, Donald; McKenna, Gerald; Dundee Dental Hospital, Park Place, Dundee, UK. (2009-12)
      Dental Panoramic Tomography (DPT) is a widely used and valuable examination in dentistry. One area prone to artefacts and therefore misinterpretation is the anterior region of the mandible. This case study discusses a periapical radiolucency related to lower anterior teeth that is discovered to be a radiographic artefact. Possible causes of the artefact include a pronounced depression in the mental region of the mandible or superimposition of intervertebral spaces. Additional limitations of the DPT image include superimposition of radio-opaque structures, reduced image detail compared to intra-oral views and uneven magnification. These problems often make the DPT inappropriate for imaging the anterior mandible. Clinical Relevance: Panoramic radiography is often unsuitable for radiographic examination of the anterior mandible.
    • Is tooth wear in the primary dentition predictive of tooth wear in the permanent dentition? Report from a longitudinal study.

      Harding, M A; Whelton, H P; Shirodaria, S C; O'Mullane, D M; Cronin, M S; Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Ireland. m.harding@ucc.ie (2010-03)
      To determine the prevalence of tooth wear in the permanent dentition of a sample of 12-year-old school children and establish whether an association exists between tooth wear recorded now and tooth wear recorded in their primary dentition at age five.
    • Stability of dental implants in grafted bone in the anterior maxilla: longitudinal study.

      Al-Khaldi, Nasser; Sleeman, Duncan; Allen, Finbarr; Private Dental Practice, Muscat, Oman. (2010-06-06)
      We aimed to assess the stability over time of dental implants placed in grafted bone in the maxilla using resonance frequency analysis, and to compare the stability of implants placed in grafted and non-grafted bone. Data were collected from 23 patients (15 test and 8 controls) in whom 64 implants (Brånemark system, Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) were placed in accordance with the two-stage surgical protocol. In the test group 36 fixtures were placed in grafted bone, and in the control group 28 fixtures were placed in non-grafted bone. Resonance frequency analysis was used to assess the test sites at implant placement and abutment connection. The mean (SD) implant stability quotient (ISQ) for test sites at the time of implant placement was 61.91 (6.68), indicating excellent primary stability, and was 63.53 (5.76) at abutment connection. ISQ values at abutment connection were similar for test and control sites. Implants placed in grafted bone compared favourably with those in non-grafted bone, and showed excellent stability.
    • Endodontic treatment completion following emergency pulpectomy.

      Lynch, C D; Burke, F M; Ríordáin, R Ní; Hannigan, A; Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK. LynchCD@cardiff.ac.uk (2010-06)
      Emergency pulpectomy is frequently performed to relieve pain experienced by patients following acute episodes of endodontic pain, or to limit the risks of infection or possible root resorption following traumatic pulpal exposures. The aim of this study was to examine subsequent patient attendance for completion of root canal treatment following pulpectomy procedures in a dental emergency unit.
    • Fluoridation and tooth wear in Irish adults.

      Burke, F M; Whelton, H; Harding, M; Crowley, E; O'Mullane, D; Cronin, M; Kelleher, V; Byrtek, M; Oral Health Services Research Centre, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. f.burke@ucc.ie (2010-10)
      The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tooth wear in adults in Ireland and its relationship with water fluoridation. The National Survey of Adult Oral Health was conducted in 2000/2001. Tooth wear was determined using a partial mouth examination assessing the upper and lower anterior teeth. A total of 2456 subjects were examined. In this survey, increasing levels and severity of tooth wear were associated with ageing. Men were more affected by tooth wear and were more likely to be affected by severe tooth wear than women. It was found that age, and gender were significant predictors of tooth wear (P < 0.01). Overall, there was no significant relationship between fluoridation and tooth wear in this study.
    • Initial management of paediatric dento-alveolar trauma in the permanent dentition: a multi-centre evaluation.

      Zaitoun, H; North, S; Lee, S; Albadri, S; McDonnell, S T; Rodd, H D; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Wellesley Road, Sheffield, S10 2SZ. halla.zaitoun@sth.nhs.uk (2010-03-27)
      To investigate the time lapse prior to provision of emergency dental care and appropriateness of earliest treatment provided for children with dental trauma.
    • Occlusal accommodation and mouthguards for prevention of orofacial trauma.

      Geary, Julian Lindsay; Clifford, Thomas Joseph; Kinirons, Martin James; Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK. l.geary@qub.ac.uk (2009)
      The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of occlusal accommodation on the arch separation in centric and eccentric arch positions and to assess the opposing tooth contacts in professionally made, thermoformed sports mouthguards.
    • Gerodontology--how big is the challenge in Ireland?

      Allen, Finbarr; McKenna, Gerald; Mata, Cristiane; Cronin, Michael; Woods, Noel; O'Mahony, Denis; Allen, Edith; Cork Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork. f.allen@ucc.ie (2011-03-14)
      Population trends suggest that the Irish population is ageing, and that this population will have substantial treatment needs. These patients will be better informed than previous generations, and will demand treatment aimed at preserving a natural dentition. This will impact upon delivery of oral healthcare and manpower planning needs to consider how to address the increased demand for dental care. Poor oral health is associated with systemic health problems, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes mellitus. It also has a negative impact upon quality of life, and the World Health Organisation has encouraged public healthcare administrators and decision makers to design effective and affordable strategies for better oral health and quality of life of older adults, which, in turn, are integrated into general health management programmes. Treatment concepts such as minimally invasive dentistry and the shortened dental arch concept are discussed in the context of these demographic changes and recommendations.