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Assessment of Radiation Dose from the Consumption of Bottled Drinking Water in Japan.
Kinahan, Aoife Hosoda, Masahiro Kelleher, Kevin Tsujiguchi, Takakiyo Akata, Naofumi Tokonami, Shinji Currivan, Lorraine León Vintró, Luis
Kinahan, Aoife
Hosoda, Masahiro
Kelleher, Kevin
Tsujiguchi, Takakiyo
Akata, Naofumi
Tokonami, Shinji
Currivan, Lorraine
León Vintró, Luis
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Date
2020-07-11
Date Submitted
Keywords
Japan
WHO
artificial radionuclides
bottled water
dose assessment
effective dose
guidance level
ingestion
natural radionuclides
WHO
artificial radionuclides
bottled water
dose assessment
effective dose
guidance level
ingestion
natural radionuclides
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Start Date
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ijerph-17-04992.pdf
Adobe PDF, 823 KB
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Abstract
Activity concentrations of 234U, 235U, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 222Rn, 210Po, 210Pb, 40K, 3H, 14C, 134Cs and 137Cs were determined in 20 different Japanese bottled drinking water commercially available in Japan. The origins of the mineral water samples were geographically distributed across different regions of Japan. Activity concentrations above detection limits were measured for the radionuclides 234U, 235U, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Po. An average total annual effective dose due to ingestion was estimated for adults, based on the average annual volume of bottled water consumed in Japan in 2019, reported to be 31.7 L/y per capita. The estimated dose was found to be below the recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) guidance level of 0.1 mSv/y for drinking water quality. The most significant contributor to the estimated dose was 228Ra.
Language
en
Citation
ISSN
eISSN
1660-4601
ISBN
DOI
10.3390/ijerph17144992
PMID
32664497