Secondary recurrent miscarriage is associated with previous male birth.
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Affiliation
Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.Issue Date
2011-01MeSH
Abortion, HabitualCohort Studies
Female
HLA Antigens
Humans
Live Birth
Male
Parturition
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications
Pregnancy Outcome
Reproductive History
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
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Secondary recurrent miscarriage is associated with previous male birth. 2011, 88 (1):38-41 J. Reprod. Immunol.Journal
Journal of reproductive immunologyDOI
10.1016/j.jri.2010.10.004PubMed ID
21129780Abstract
Secondary recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses after delivery of a viable infant. Previous reports suggest that a firstborn male child is associated with less favourable subsequent reproductive potential, possibly due to maternal immunisation against male-specific minor histocompatibility antigens. In a retrospective cohort study of 85 cases of secondary RM we aimed to determine if secondary RM was associated with (i) gender of previous child, maternal age, or duration of miscarriage history, and (ii) increased risk of pregnancy complications. Fifty-three women (62.0%; 53/85) gave birth to a male child prior to RM compared to 32 (38.0%; 32/85) who gave birth to a female child (p=0.002). The majority (91.7%; 78/85) had uncomplicated, term deliveries and normal birth weight neonates, with one quarter of the women previously delivered by Caesarean section. All had routine RM investigations and 19.0% (16/85) had an abnormal result. Fifty-seven women conceived again and 33.3% (19/57) miscarried, but there was no significant difference in failure rates between those with a previous male or female child (13/32 vs. 6/25, p=0.2). When patients with abnormal results were excluded, or when women with only one previous child were considered, there was still no difference in these rates. A previous male birth may be associated with an increased risk of secondary RM but numbers preclude concluding whether this increases recurrence risk. The suggested association with previous male birth provides a basis for further investigations at a molecular level.Item Type
ArticleLanguage
enISSN
1872-7603ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.jri.2010.10.004
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