LENUS Collection:

Agomelatine: Clinical experience and adherence to EMA

Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Agomelatine: Clinical experience and adherence to EMA Authors: Sinnott, C; Morris, M Abstract: In 2009, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) granted marketing authorisation for the novel antidepressant agomelatine, with the recommendation that liver function tests (LFTs) are checked before, and 6, 12 and 24 weeks after, commencing the drug. This paper describes early clinical experience with agomelatine and audits physician adherence to EMA recommendations. A retrospective review of patients attending general adult psychiatry services in Carlow /Kilkenny (catchment population 120,000) over one year was performed. 62 patients were prescribed agomelatine. 32 patients (52%) had unipolar depression, and 43 (73%) were already established on antidepressant medication. 60 patients (97%) had LFTs measured before starting treatment with agomelatine, but half of patients (47%) did not have further LFTs as recommended. To increase adherence to EMA recommendations and ensure optimal patient safety, existing barriers to effective monitoring must be addressed.

Is laparoscopic appendicectomy a safe procedure for trainees in the peripheral hospital setting?

Sat, 01 Oct 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Is laparoscopic appendicectomy a safe procedure for trainees in the peripheral hospital setting? Authors: Emmanuel, A; Byrne, J; Wilson, I; Balfe, P Abstract: Laparoscopic appendicectomy has become standard in the treatment of acute appendicitis in most hospitals in Ireland. Studies have shown that it is a safe procedure for trainees to perform. However, these studies were conducted in university teaching hospitals whereas a significant proportion of training in Ireland takes place in peripheral hospitals which provide a different training environment. The aim of this study was to determine whether laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe procedure for surgical trainees to perform in a peripheral hospital setting. A retrospective analysis was performed of appendicectomies carried out at a peripheral hospital over a 12 month period. Comparisons were made between consultant surgeons and trainees for a variety of outcomes. Of 155 appendicectomies, 129 (83.2%) were performed laparoscopically, of which 10 (7.75%) were converted to open. Consultants performed 99 (77%) laparoscopic appendicectomies. There were no statistically significant differences between consultants and trainees in complication rates (19 (19.2%) vs. 4 (13.3%), p = 0.46), mean length of hospital stay (4.7 +/- 4.0 vs. 3.4 +/- 3.3 days, p = 0.13), or rate of conversion to open operation (9 (9.1%) vs. 1 (3.3%), p = 0.45). For cases of complicated appendicitis there were no significant differences between consultants and trainees in complication rates (12 vs. 2, p = 0.40) or length of hospital stay (6.4 +/- 3.9 vs. 4.7 +/- 5.6 days, p = 0.27). We conclude that laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe procedure for trainees to perform in the peripheral hospital setting and should be incorporated into surgical training programs at an early stage of training.

The value of hyperbilirubinaemia in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Fri, 01 Apr 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Title: The value of hyperbilirubinaemia in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Authors: Emmanuel, Andrew; Murchan, Peter; Wilson, Ian; Balfe, Paul Abstract: No reliably specific marker for acute appendicitis has been identified. Although recent studies have shown hyperbilirubinaemia to be a useful predictor of appendiceal perforation, they did not focus on the value of bilirubin as a marker for acute appendicitis. The aim of this study was to determine the value of hyperbilirubinaemia as a marker for acute appendicitis.; A retrospective analysis of appendicectomies performed in two hospitals (n=472). Data collected included laboratory and histological results. Patients were grouped according to histology findings and comparisons were made between the groups.; The mean bilirubin levels were higher for patients with simple appendicitis compared to those with a non-inflamed appendix (p<0.001). More patients with simple appendicitis had hyperbilirubinaemia on admission (30% vs 12%) and the odds of these patients having appendicitis were over three times higher (odds ratio: 3.25, p<0.001). Hyperbilirubinaemia had a specificity of 88% and a positive predictive value of 91% for acute appendicitis. Patients with appendicitis who had a perforated or gangrenous appendix had higher mean bilirubin levels (p=0.01) and were more likely to have hyperbilirubinaemia (p<0.001). The specificity of hyperbilirubinaemia for perforation or gangrene was 70%. The specificities of white cell count and C-reactive protein were less than hyperbilirubinaemia for simple appendicitis (60% and 72%) and perforated or gangrenous appendicitis (19% and 36%).; Hyperbilirubinaemia is a valuable marker for acute appendicitis. Patients with hyperbilirubinaemia are also more likely to have appendiceal perforation or gangrene. Bilirubin should be included in the assessment of patients with suspected appendicitis.

Biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: response rates after ERCP and sphincterotomy in a 5-year ERCP series and proposal for new practical guidelines.

Fri, 01 Apr 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: response rates after ERCP and sphincterotomy in a 5-year ERCP series and proposal for new practical guidelines. Authors: Heetun, Zaid S; Zeb, Faisal; Cullen, Garrett; Courtney, Garry; Aftab, Abdur Rahman Abstract: The diagnosis and management of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is challenging.; Retrospective review of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) performed for biliary SOD between 2003 and 2007 and proposal for new management guidelines.; Patients were identified from the ERCP database. All patients had a history of typical biliary pain and were classified into three groups - group 1: patients with dilated common bile duct and abnormal laboratory investigations at time of pain; group 2: either of the above; group 3: none of the above. All patients underwent ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). Sphincter of Oddi manometry was not carried out. Patients were contacted 18 months after procedure with regard to relief of pain and complications.; Seventy-two patients were included - 16.7% male and 83.3% female with an average age of 54.2 years. Ampullary stenosis was found in 76.2% of patients in group 1 and 70% in group 2 compared with 30% in group 3. In group 1, 90.5% of patients reported complete relief of pain compared with 75 and 50% in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Among them 55.6% of patients had previous cholecystectomy. Overall 85% of cholecystectomized patients and 81.3% of patients with an intact gallbladder had complete response to ES. There were no complications in all three groups.; Our findings are similar to other studies documenting response rates to ES in manometry proven SOD. Our simpler guidelines are more applicable to clinical practice. Group 3 remains the most challenging group. Risk and benefits of ERCP and ES should be discussed with patients in centres where sphincter of Oddi manometry is unavailable, noting that 50% of patients respond favourably to ES.